The director of the largest broadband program in US history bid farewell to his colleagues in a spirited email on March 16. Among other things, he warned that millions of rural Americans could get stuck with slow internet speeds if rules are changed to favor Elon Musk’s satellite internet company, Starlink.
His farewell email to colleagues, first reported by ProPublica’s Craig Silverman in a Bluesky post, sounds the alarm on proposed changes to the Broadband Equity, Access and Deployment program, most significantly shifting from a fiber-first approach to one that would favor satellite internet.
“This is one thing we were going to do right by rural America, and it seems to be fading away,” Feinman said in an interview with CNET. “There is still time to prevent that mistake from being made, but not a great deal of time.”
Until March 16, Feinman was the director of BEAD, a $42.5 billion fund passed as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021. Feinmand said the Trump administration declined to renew his contract.
Elon Musk’s Starlink internet service has a lot to gain if BEAD’s rules are changed to emphasize satellite connections. Amazon’s Project Kuiper is also technically eligible for funding from the program, but it currently has only two prototype satellites in the sky, compared with over 7,000 for Starlink. (Geostationary satellite internet providers like Hughesnet and Viasat aren’t eligible for BEAD funding because they don’t meet its latency requirements.)
BEAD’s money is distributed to each state by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, which falls under the Department of Commerce. Under Biden’s administration, the NTIA clearly favored deploying fiber to rural areas, which is widely considered the gold standard internet connection type.
Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick plans to take a more “technology-neutral” approach to BEAD, according to a report published by The Wall Street Journal. That would benefit Starlink to the tune of $10 billion to $20 billion — up from the $4.1 billion it was expected to get under the old rules.
“Some of the scary scenarios that I’ve been hearing from people close to NTIA and close to the Commerce Department would give 50% of the money or more to Elon Musk,” Gigi Sohn, the executive director of the American Association for Public Broadband, told CNET.
Fiber is expensive in many areas. A spokesperson for the Texas Comptroller told me in a previous interview that some rural households in West Texas would cost as much as $130,000 each to connect to fiber.
“Lutnick apparently believes, like Trump and like Musk, that paying for fiber instead of satellite is wasted money,” Blair Levin, a former FCC chief of staff and a telecom industry analyst at New Street Research, told CNET.
How much BEAD money Starlink will be able to get could depend on where the NTIA sets that threshold. A source told me that the SPEED for BEAD Act — a bill introduced in the House earlier in March — originally included a cost threshold of $25,000 per location for fiber, but that was later removed. If an area exceeded that number, the state’s broadband office would be able to turn to “alternative technologies” like Starlink.
Feinman says this shift from fiber to satellite would be a huge disservice to rural America.
“It is not acceptable to consign a set of communities to worse educational outcomes, worse economic outcomes, worse health outcomes — all of which come along with a lack of good connectivity — for the purposes of either subsidizing a political ally or misunderstanding the way this stuff works,” Feinman told CNET.
This comes down to two issues with Starlink’s service: speed and price. It hasn’t proved it can meet BEAD’s speed requirements, and at $120 per month in most areas, it’s also far more expensive than most internet providers.
Neither Starlink or Commerce Department spokespeople immediately responded to CNET’s requests for comment.
Can Starlink keep up with the future?
Critics argue that Starlink’s speeds don’t meet BEAD’s speed requirements: 100Mbps download speed, 20Mbps upload and latency under 100ms. The only one of those requirements that Starlink is currently meeting is latency, and it’s still significantly worse than the median in the US.
“This is a once-in-a-lifetime investment in broadband and to give it to expensive, slow service that’s not scalable, that’s not future-proof — it’s just throwing money down the toilet,” Sohn said.
Ookla data shows that Starlink’s speeds have generally dropped over time, going from a high of 105Mbps in Dec. 21 to 79Mbps two years later. (Disclosure: Ookla is owned by the same parent company as CNET, Ziff Davis.)
Starlink has launched thousands of satellites since it debuted in 2019, but it’s also added millions of additional customers. Speeds have dropped even as Starlink sent thousands more satellites into the sky, and it’s currently unavailable to customers in many US cities.
“I’m not sure Lutnick is aware of this,” Levin said. “Starlink has a waiting list. They have a waiting list because they’ve run out of capacity.”
Starlink has said publicly its new satellites will solve the capacity issues, but it hasn’t proven it can do it yet — especially if millions of additional homes connect through BEAD.
“What we know for sure about the way people use data and computing power is that you never use less than you used yesterday,” Feinman said.
That tracks with rule of thumb I’ve heard a lot in my time covering broadband. Nielsen’s law states that a high-end internet user’s connection speed grows by roughly 50% each year, doubling every 21 months. This has been true every year since 1983, and it’s exactly what Feinman is worried about. Starlink may be good enough today — and it hasn’t proven it is by the FCC’s definition — but it may not be able to handle applications of the future.
That said, Feinman noted in our conversation that Starlink has been an incredible boon in rural areas that previously had no other good options. But extending Starlink service through BEAD could diminish capacity in those places where it really is the only option, said Feinman.
What’s next for BEAD?
A lot is in flux right now for BEAD. Lutnick is expected to announce rules overhauling the program in the next week or two, which helps explain some of the urgency in Feinman’s email.
“People absolutely need to reach out to their members of Congress. They need to reach out to their governor’s offices,” Feinman told CNET. “And those members and governors need to be brave enough to say what they know to be true to the Trump administration, and say, ‘We want to get the best connection possible on budget for our communities.’”
If you’d like to reach out to your elected representatives about changes to the BEAD program, you can download the 5 Calls app in the App Store or Google Play store. The app researches and writes scripts for various issues, identifies the relevant decision-makers, and collects phone numbers for their offices.
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